Authors: Ibrahima F. Yaro & Aaron W. Hughey (2025)
Main Theme: The role of transformational leadership and the challenges faced in the process of internationalization at Regional Comprehensive Universities (RCUs) in the United States.
Study Context:
This study aims to explore how transformational leadership helps overcome the challenges of internationalization at regional universities in the U.S. It employs an interpretive phenomenological approach, based on in-depth interviews with 12 Senior International Officers (SIOs) from five regions: West, Midwest, South, Southeast, and Northwest.
Example:
An SIO from a Midwestern university organized a controversial seminar discussing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by inviting a former Fulbright scholar. Although the event initially triggered public resistance, it ultimately succeeded in opening minds and breaking down stereotypes among the participants.
Transformational Leadership:
The SIOs apply a transformational leadership style, which includes:
- Charisma – Serving as a trusted role model.
- Inspirational Motivation – Clearly and confidently communicating a vision.
- Intellectual Stimulation – Encouraging critical and creative thinking.
- Individualized Consideration – Providing personal support tailored to each individual’s needs.
Example:
One SIO actively involved senior university leaders in international activities by inviting them to key events, fostering awareness and institutional support for global programs.
Key Challenges:
1. Limited Funding
State budget cuts hinder the ability to run high-quality international programs.
Example:
A Midwestern university experienced a sharp decline in enrollments from Saudi Arabia—previously a major source of international funding. This forced the institution to seek alternative income sources.
2. Low Student and Faculty Engagement
Many domestic students from rural areas show little interest in global initiatives, and some faculty members are reluctant to incorporate international perspectives into the curriculum.
Example:
Students in agricultural regions of the Midwest often say, “We’re comfortable here. We don’t want to travel abroad.”
3. Institutional Location and Reputation
RCUs located in less well-known areas struggle to attract international students and distinguished staff.
Example:
A regional university found it difficult to compete with more prominent schools in New York or California due to limited brand recognition.
4. Political Climate and Xenophobia
Nationalist policies and visa restrictions discourage international students from choosing the U.S.
Example:
Travel bans implemented during the Trump administration led to a significant drop in applications from certain countries.
5. Leadership Priorities
When university leadership does not prioritize internationalization, SIOs face a lack of support and resources.
Example:
An SIO at one institution noted that while “international” appeared in the mission statement, it was not backed by meaningful institutional commitment.
Practical Recommendations from the Study:
- Provide regular transformational leadership training for SIOs through international education associations like NAFSA.
- Engage in active advocacy at the legislative level to ensure consistent funding for internationalization.
- Strengthen “internationalization at home” strategies so that domestic students can still gain global perspectives without studying abroad.
